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the date was October 19 NASA's Mariner

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spacecraft after traveling for months

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and 217 million miles began fulfilling

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its mission as it rendezvous with the

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planet Venus the Soviet Union also

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approached beam 2 spacecraft from two

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nations although the machines were of

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different design their purpose was the

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same by 1967 we actually had two

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successful missions make it to Venus the

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first one was the Soviet Venera 4 and

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nearly a month late it was followed up

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by the NASA's Mariner 5 the interesting

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thing about that that we were in the

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middle of the Cold War and despite that

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the Soviet and American scientists were

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working together cooperated shared the

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data and the picture that the scientists

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god of venus was much more inhospitable

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than they really imagined before by 1967

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if there were any doubts about whether

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Venus was livable or not those doubts

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were washed away it was not really

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now in an unexplored region of space

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mariner was placed on its mercury

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intercept course by the gravity of venus

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the initial target on this first dual

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planet mission Mariner 10 took more than

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3500 pictures during its rendezvous with

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for the first time after a decade of

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exploration Mariner 10 was carrying

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cameras we had ultraviolet cameras we

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could actually make some of the most

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beautiful images I mean here we have

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Venus the goddess of love and beauty and

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we had yet to really make a close-up

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pioneer Venus was the last NASA mission

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to go to Venus to study specifically its

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atmosphere in the tale in the dynamics

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of that atmosphere that was 30 years ago

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that we send it there it took a lot of

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detailed data that allowed us to test

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theories that we had about why Venus was

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such a strange environment and one of

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the most interesting of course is this

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idea of the runaway greenhouse effect as

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an explanation for why is Venus so super

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hot so while the Pioneer Venus orbiter

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was sending a steady stream of data back

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to earth the Soviet program undertook

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several more chilly eight missions back

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to Venice and the highlight of this set

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of missions was the near a 13 and 14

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which made it to the surface of Venice

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and while they will act today for 45

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minutes they took a handful of color

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panoramas of the Venetian surface now

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that they have been reprocessed they

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present a stunning view of the Venus

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surface and forgetting the heat toxic

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atmosphere and the pressure

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it really looks tranquil Venus the

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brightest star in the evening sky has

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since August of 1990 though a spacecraft

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named Magellan has peered beneath this

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veil of mystery to show us the surface

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of Venus in unsurpassed detail Magellan

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was a pretty simple and elegant mission

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it had one basic purpose and that was to

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get a detailed high-resolution map of

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the surface topography of the entire

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planet and what we saw was was an

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enormous surprise a very young surface

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lots of volcanic features there were

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lava planes and volcanoes and all kinds

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of features it was an unexpected and

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marvelous revelation of what was

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underneath those clouds at this point

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the American Soviet space missions are

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really museum pieces and while everybody

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is now excited about the new data and

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the new pictures images that we are

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getting from Mars Venice is really

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staying in the shadow right now but

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throughout the history Venus has

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provided us a lot of wonderful and

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interesting theories and answers to the

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questions that we have here on earth and

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which shone the light on our space in

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the universe but new players are coming

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into the game and with the European

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Space Agency sending a spacecraft there

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in 2006 and the Japanese space agency

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planning one in 2010 the Venice

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exploration is going to pick up and it

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really seems that a very good

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opportunity to go back because there are

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lots of things that we still don't know

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and with nearly two decades passed from